Impact of body mass index on size and composition of urinary stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Background Several studies have explored the impact of BMI on size and composition of urinary stones. Because there were controversies, a meta-analysis was necessary to be carried out to provide some evidence of the relationship of BMI and urolithiasis. Materials and Methods PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science databases, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to August 12th 2022 for eligible studies. The urolithiasis patients were summarized into two groups: BMI < 25 and ≥ 25 kg/m2. Summary weighted mean difference (WMD), relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated through random effects models in RevMan 5.4 software. Results A total of fifteen studies involving 13,233 patients were enrolled in this meta-analysis. There was no significant correlation of BMI and size of urinary stone (WMD -0.13mm, 95% CI [-0.98, 0.73], p = 0.77). Overweight and obesity increased the risk of uric acid stones in both genders and in different regions (RR=0.87, [95% CI] = 0.83, 0.91, p<0.00001). There was a higher risk of calcium oxalate stones formation in overweight and obesity group in total patients (RR=0.95, [95% CI] = 0.91, 0.98, p = 0.006). The relationship of BMI and calcium phosphate was not observed in this meta-analysis (RR=1.12, [95% CI] = 0.98, 1.26, p = 0.09). Sensitivity analysis was performed and indicated similar results. Conclusions The current evidence suggests a positive association between BMI and uric acid and calcium oxalate stones. It would be of great guiding significance to consider losing weight when treating and preventing urinary stones.

Effects of somatostatin in combination with early hemoperfusion on inflammatory, hemorheological and oxidative parameters during the treatment of acute pancreatitis / Efectos de la somatostatina en combinación con hemoperfusión precoz sobre parámetros inflamatorios, hemorreológicos y oxidativos durante el tratamiento de la pancreatitis aguda

Abstract We aimed to evaluate the effects of somatostatin combined with early hemoperfusion on inflammatory and stress responses during acute pancreatitis (AP) treatment. A total of 159 AP patients treated from September 2016 to January 2020 were randomly divided into three groups A-C (n=53). In addition to routine treatment, groups A-C were additionally given somatostatin, early hemoperfusion, and somatostatin combined with early hemoperfusion, respectively. Their inflammatory factors, stress response, intestinal mucosal barrier, hemorheological indices, recovery time, length of stay, clinical efficacy, and adverse reactions were compared. The levels of serum interleukin-10 (IL - 10), catalase and glutathione peroxidase rose in the three groups after ten days of treatment, compared with values before treatment, being the highest rise in group C. The levels of IL -18, tumor necrosis factor-α, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, procalcitonin, high mobility group protein B1, lipid hydrogen peroxide, advanced oxidation protein products, epinephrine, cortisol, D-lactic acid, diamine oxidase, and endotoxin decreased after ten days of treatment compared with those before treatment, which were lowest in group C (P<0.05). After ten days of treatment, the levels of hemorheological indices were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.05). Compared with groups A and B, group C had a shorter recovery time of urine amylase, bowel sound and passing gas, remission time of abdominal pain, length of stay, and a higher total response rate (P<0.05). During AP treatment, somatostatin combined with early hemoperfusion effectively relieved inflammatory and stress responses, protected the intestinal mucosal barrier function and improved the hemorheology, thereby promoting the recovery and benefiting the prognosis of patients.

Resumen Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar los efectos de la somatostatina combinada con hemoperfusión temprana sobre las respuestas inflamatorias y de estrés durante el tratamiento de la pancreatitis aguda (PA). Un total de 159 pacientes con PA tratados entre septiembre de 2016 y enero de 2020 se dividieron aleatoriamente en tres grupos A-C (n=53). Con base en el tratamiento de rutina, los grupos A-C recibieron además somatostatina, hemoperfusión temprana y somatostatina combinada con hemoperfusión temprana, respectivamente. Se compararon sus factores inflamatorios, respuesta al estrés, barrera de la mucosa intestinal, índices hemorreológicos, tiempo de recuperación, tiempo de estancia, eficacia clínica y reacciones adversas. Los niveles séricos de interleucina-10 (IL -10), catalasa y glutatión peroxidasa aumentaron en los tres grupos después de 10 días de tratamiento, comparados con los valores antes del tratamiento, siendo más elevados en el grupo C. Los niveles de IL - 18, factor de necrosis tumoral α, molécula de adhesión intercelular 1 soluble, procalcitonina, proteína B1 del grupo de alta movilidad, peróxido de hidrógeno lipídico, los productos proteicos de oxidación avanzada, epinefrina, cortisol, ácido D-láctico, diaminooxidasa y endotoxina disminuyeron después de 10 días de tratamiento en comparación con los previos al tratamiento, que fueron más bajos en el grupo C (P<0,05). Después de 10 días de tratamiento, los índices hemorreológicos fueron significativamente menores que los previos al tratamiento (P<0,05). En comparación con los grupos A y B, el grupo C tuvo un tiempo de recuperación más corto de amilasa en orina, sonido y escape intestinal, tiempo de remisión del dolor abdominal y tiempo de estancia, y una tasa de respuesta total más alta (P<0,05). Durante el tratamiento de la AP, la somatostatina combinada con hemoperfusión precoz alivia eficazmente las respuestas inflamatorias y de estrés, protege la función de la barrera de la mucosa intestinal y mejora la hemorología, favoreciendo la recuperación y beneficiando el pronóstico de los pacientes.

Characteristics of the means and methods used in soccer training / Características dos meios e métodos utilizados no treinamento de futebol / Características de los medios y métodos utilizados en el entrenamiento de fútbol

ABSTRACT Introduction The correct understanding and implementation of the tasks set by the coach for the player are achieved through a wide variety of training sessions. To date, the question of training effectiveness and the preparation of professional soccer players for matches has not been sufficiently studied. Objective Study the means and methods used in soccer training. By comparison, find out which method is most effective in achieving a positive result during the game and maintaining the players' health. Methods The study used mathematical and physical methods and comparative analysis. In the study, the main training methods in a team were considered. A comparative analysis was made between two types of individual soccer players' training to improve physical and technical parameters. Result We established which parameters influence the choice of the training scheme. The effectiveness of both training systems is proven by the statistical indicators of soccer players who train according to these methods. Conclusion The effectiveness of the training methodology chosen by a soccer player depends on his initial physical abilities and professional skills. The study's practical significance is determined by the fact that the proposed methods can be used in training professional athletes. Evidence level II; Therapeutic studies - outcomes research.

RESUMO Introdução A correta compreensão e implementação das tarefas definidas pelo treinador para o jogador é alcançada através de uma ampla variedade de sessões de treinamento. Até hoje, a questão da eficácia do treinamento e a preparação dos jogadores profissionais de futebol para os jogos não foi suficientemente estudada. Objetivo Estudar os meios e métodos utilizados no treinamento de futebol e, por comparação, descobrir qual dos métodos é mais eficaz para obter um resultado positivo durante o jogo e manter a saúde dos jogadores. Métodos O estudo utilizou métodos matemáticos e físicos, assim como análise comparativa. No decorrer do estudo, foram considerados os principais métodos de treinamento em uma equipe. Foi realizada uma análise comparativa entre dois tipos de treinamento individual de jogadores de futebol, objetivando melhorar parâmetros físicos e técnicos. Resultado Foram estabelecidos quais parâmetros influenciam a escolha do esquema de treinamento. A eficácia de ambos os sistemas de treinamento é comprovada pelos indicadores estatísticos dos jogadores de futebol que treinam de acordo com estes métodos. Conclusão A eficácia da metodologia de treinamento escolhida por um jogador de futebol depende de suas habilidades físicas iniciais e habilidades profissionais. O significado prático do estudo é determinado pelo fato de que os métodos propostos podem ser utilizados no treinamento de atletas profissionais. Evidência nível II; Estudos terapêuticos - pesquisa de resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción La correcta comprensión y ejecución de las tareas establecidas por el entrenador para el jugador se consigue a través de una amplia variedad de sesiones de entrenamiento. Hasta hoy, la cuestión de la eficacia del entrenamiento y la preparación de los futbolistas profesionales para los partidos no se ha estudiado suficientemente. Objetivo Estudiar los medios y métodos utilizados en el entrenamiento de fútbol y, por comparación, averiguar qué método es más eficaz para conseguir un resultado positivo durante el juego y mantener la salud de los jugadores. Métodos El estudio utilizó métodos matemáticos y físicos, así como análisis comparativos. En el transcurso del estudio, se consideraron los principales métodos de formación en un equipo. Se realizó un análisis comparativo entre dos tipos de entrenamiento individual de jugadores de fútbol, con el objetivo de mejorar los parámetros físicos y técnicos. Resultado Se estableció qué parámetros influyen en la elección del esquema de entrenamiento. La eficacia de ambos sistemas de entrenamiento queda demostrada por los indicadores estadísticos de los futbolistas que entrenan según estos métodos. Conclusión La eficacia de la metodología de entrenamiento elegida por un futbolista depende de sus capacidades físicas iniciales y de sus habilidades profesionales. La importancia práctica del estudio viene determinada por el hecho de que los métodos propuestos pueden utilizarse en el entrenamiento de atletas profesionales. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de resultados.

Under-reporting of mortality surveillance in Hainan, 2018-2020 / 中国热带医学

@#Objective　To understand the overall under-reporting of cause of death monitoring in Hainan Province, and to provide a scientific basis for evaluating the data from death registration report and health planning in Hainan. Methods　Multi-stage cluster random sampling was used, all towns/streets in cities and counties of the province were ranked from highest to lowest in terms of crude death rate, divided into high, medium and low levels (the number of each level was basically the same), and one was randomly selected from each level. A total of three towns/streets were used as survey areas, and all households in the area were survey households. Death information of resident population during 2018-2020 was collected and compared with routine surveillance data for the same period. The under-reporting rate was calculated, and comparison between groups was performed by chi-square. Results　A total of 12 583 death cases were investigated from 2018 to 2020, and the average mortality was 621.48/105. 4 809 cases were missed with the total under-reporting rate of 38.22%. The under-reporting rate from 2018 to 2020 were 39.75%, 39.99% and 34.77% (χ2=30.404, P<0.01) respectively. The under-reporting rate in eastern and central and western areas were 30.33%, 30.10% and 60.15% (χ2=931.901, P<0.01) respectively. The negative rate were different in different years old group (χ2=14.834, P<0.05). Of the 4 809 under-reported cases, as many as 93.49% died at home, and the composition of deaths in hospitals was about 10 times higher in the center than in the east and west, and the proportion of those who died in hospital in central areas was about 10 times higher than in eastern and central areas. Conclusions　More than half of the cities and counties in Hainan Province have improved the completeness of cause of death surveillance data. The under-reporting rate in age group <5 years are still high, and regular under-reporting investigations are still needed to strengthen the reporting and management of death information.

Milk consumption behavior and its impact on bone mineral density among 696 pupils in Hainan Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the milk drinking behavior and bone mineral density level of pupils in Hainan Province, and to explore the correlation between bone mineral density and milk drinking behavior, in order to provide scientific basis for promoting the healthy development of bones in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#In November 2021, a cross sectional survey including demographic characteristics, milk intake, unhealthy eating behavior, physical activity and sleep was conducted among 696 students from grades 3 to 5 in Sanya and Baisha, Hainan by stratified cluster random sampling, and bone mineral density at the distal 1/3 of the right forearm was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. t-test was used to compare the differences in bone mineral density among different milk drinking behaviors of pupils, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between milk consumption and bone mineral density.@*Results@#About 25.3% students consumed milk daily and 13.9% consumed ≥ 300 g of milk daily. The mean bone mineral density at the distal 1/3 of the right forearm was (0.237±0.041)g/cm 2. The bone mineral density was greater in the group with daily milk intake than in the group without daily milk intake [(0.250± 0.037 )(0.204±0.034) g/cm 2 , t=15.00, P <0.01], and the bone mineral density was greater in the group with daily average milk intake ≥300 g than in the group with daily average milk intake <300 g [(0.284±0.036)(0.229±0.037)g/cm 2, t=13.48, P < 0.01 ]. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that daily average milk intake was positively correlated with bone mineral density, with a correlation coefficient ( β=0.020, t=21.46, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Milk consumption among pupils is inadequate, and milk drinking behavior has a positive impact on bone mineral density, so effective milk drinking intervention should be carried out to promote children s bone development.

Development of monoclonal antibody based IgG and IgM ELISA for diagnosis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection

ABSTRACT Introduction: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a newly emerged virus that poses a great threat to human health because of high fatality rate. Methods: To develop sensitive and specific sero-diagnostic systems for SFTSV infections, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against recombinant SFTSV nucleocapsid (rSFTSV-N) protein were developed by immunizing BALB/C mice with rSFTSV-N protein and fusing the spleen cells with SP2/0 myeloma cells. Three hybridoma cell lines secreting MAbs against rSFTSV-N were obtained. MAb based IgG sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and IgM capture ELISA systems were established by using the newly developed MAbs. One hundred fifteen clinical suspected SFTS patients serum samples were used to evaluate the newly established systems by comparing with the total antibody detecting sandwich ELISA system and indirect ELISA systems. Results: The MAbs based sandwich IgG ELISA was perfectly matched with that of the total antibody sandwich ELISA and the indirect IgG ELISA. IgM capture ELISA results perfectly matched with that of the total antibody sandwich ELISA while detecting eight additional positive samples missed by the indirect IgM ELISA. Conclusions: The MAbs against rSFTSV-N protein offer new tools for SFTSV studies and our newly developed MAb-based IgG and IgM capture ELISA systems would offer safe and useful tools for diagnosis of SFTS virus infections and epidemiological investigations.

Analysis of the monitoring results of death causes of permanent residents in Hainan, 2014-2020 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To understand the general situation of death causes of permanent residents in Hainan Province from 2014 to 2020, analyze the causes of death, and provide scientific basis for the formulation of policies related to healthy Hainan. Methods The Hainan Provincial Population Death Information Registration and Management System was used to report data, and the death information of permanent residents in Hainan Province from 2014 to 2020 was obtained. Excel 2010 and SPSS 26.0 software were applied to perform statistical analysis related to the indicators including crude mortality rate, standardized mortality rate, ranking of causes of death, and composition ratio; the standardized mortality rate was calculated based on the data of the 2010 National Census Data. Results　From 2014 to 2020, the average annual resident population of Hainan Province was 9 175 300, and average annual resident population at each of the eight monitoringp oints is 297 100， anaverage of 83 878 cumulative deaths were reported, the annual total mortality rate was 504.09/100 000, the standard mortality rate was 618.69/100 000. The standardized mortality rates of male and female were 806.18/100 000 and 444.36/100 000 respectively (P<0.01). The mortality rate of all age groups showed that the crude mortality rate of 0~<1 years old group showed a decreasing trend with the passage of time, and the crude mortality rate was significantly higher than that of other age groups. From the age of 20, with the increase of age, the overall crude mortality rate of residents keeps increasing. The crude death rate increases rapidly after the age of 65, and peaks especially after the age of 85. The leading causes of death were circulatory diseases, tumors and respiratory diseases. From 2014 to 2020, the mortality rate of circulatory diseases and tumors, the two main causes of death, was more than 100/100 000. Conclusion　Chronic non-communicable diseases are still the first cause of death among permanent residents in Hainan Province. Targeted intervention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases is beneficial to reduce their mortality.

Outcomes of emergency endovascular versus open repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture

Purpose@#Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) is one of the most common aortic emergencies in vascular surgery and is associated with high operative mortality and morbidity rates despite recent treatment advances. We evaluated operative mortality risks for the outcomes of emergency endovascular aneurysm repair (eEVAR) vs. open repair in rAAA. @*Methods@#Twenty patients underwent eEVAR (n = 12) or open repair (n = 8) for rAAA between 2016 and 2020. We adopted the EVAR first strategy since 2018. Primary endpoints included in-hospital mortality and 1-year survival. The outcome variables were analyzed with Fisher exact, Mann-Whitney test, and linear by linear association. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival. @*Results@#There were 13 males (65.0%) and the median age of the study cohort was 78.0 years (range, 49–88 years). Inhospital mortality occurred in 7 patients (35.0%); 5 (50.0%) in the early period and 2 (20.0%) in the later period of this series. According to the procedure type, 4 (50.0%) and 3 (25.0%) in-hospital mortalities occurred in the open repair and eEVAR patients, respectively. In 6 patients (50.0%), eEVAR was performed on unfavorable anatomy. The 1-year survival of eEVAR vs. open repair group was 75% ± 12.5% and 50% ± 17.7%, respectively. On univariate analysis, preoperative highrisk indices, postoperative acute renal failure requiring dialysis, pulmonary complications, and prolonged mechanical ventilation were associated with higher operative mortality. @*Conclusion@#The current data showed relatively superior outcomes with eEVAR vs. open repair for rAAA, even in some patients with unfavorable anatomy supporting the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of EVAR first strategy.

Outcomes of emergency endovascular versus open repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture

Purpose@#Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) is one of the most common aortic emergencies in vascular surgery and is associated with high operative mortality and morbidity rates despite recent treatment advances. We evaluated operative mortality risks for the outcomes of emergency endovascular aneurysm repair (eEVAR) vs. open repair in rAAA. @*Methods@#Twenty patients underwent eEVAR (n = 12) or open repair (n = 8) for rAAA between 2016 and 2020. We adopted the EVAR first strategy since 2018. Primary endpoints included in-hospital mortality and 1-year survival. The outcome variables were analyzed with Fisher exact, Mann-Whitney test, and linear by linear association. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival. @*Results@#There were 13 males (65.0%) and the median age of the study cohort was 78.0 years (range, 49–88 years). Inhospital mortality occurred in 7 patients (35.0%); 5 (50.0%) in the early period and 2 (20.0%) in the later period of this series. According to the procedure type, 4 (50.0%) and 3 (25.0%) in-hospital mortalities occurred in the open repair and eEVAR patients, respectively. In 6 patients (50.0%), eEVAR was performed on unfavorable anatomy. The 1-year survival of eEVAR vs. open repair group was 75% ± 12.5% and 50% ± 17.7%, respectively. On univariate analysis, preoperative highrisk indices, postoperative acute renal failure requiring dialysis, pulmonary complications, and prolonged mechanical ventilation were associated with higher operative mortality. @*Conclusion@#The current data showed relatively superior outcomes with eEVAR vs. open repair for rAAA, even in some patients with unfavorable anatomy supporting the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of EVAR first strategy.

Effect of SiO2 and Al2 O3 nanoparticles on wear resistance of PMMA acrylic denture teeth / Efeito das nanopartículas de SiO2 e Al2 O3 na resistência ao desgaste de dentes em acrílico PMMA para prótese

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência ao desgaste de dentes em acrílico para próteses contendo nanopartículas de dióxido de silício (nano-SiO2 ) e dióxido de alumínio (nanoAl2 O3 ). Material e Métodos: O material em polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) foi utilizado para fabricar 84 amostras (n=10) contendo nano-SiO2 e nano-Al2 O3 nas concentrações 0,1% em peso, 0,3% em peso e 0,5% em peso de pó acrílico. Uma máquina de teste de desgaste de dois corpos e um microscópio digital foram usados para medir as mudanças na perda de peso e rugosidade da superfície, respectivamente. Testes de ANOVA a um fator e testes de comparações múltiplas de Tukey foram utilizados para análise dos dados (α = 0,05). Resultados: O material modificado com nano-SiO2 demonstrou um aumento significativo na perda de peso em comparação com o material acrílico artificial convencional (p ˂ 0,05) enquanto o material modificado com nano-Al2 O3 demonstrou aumento não significativo na perda de peso, exceto no subgrupo 0,5% (p < 0,05). Não há diferenças significativas em relação à alteração da rugosidade após a simulação de desgaste entre todos os grupos testados (p > 0,05). Conclusão: As nanopartículas de nano-Al2 O3 exibem menos efeito negativo que o nanoSiO2 , podendo ser usado com cautela, se necessário. (AU)

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the wear resistance of acrylic denture teeth containing silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2 ) and aluminum dioxide (nano-Al2 O3 ) nanoparticles. Material and Methods: Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture tooth material was used to denture tooth material was used to fabricate 84 specimens (n=10) containing nano-SiO2 and nano-Al2 O3 in concentrations 0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, and 0.5wt% of acrylic powder. A two-body wear testing machine and digital microscope were used to measure the changes in weight loss and surface roughness respectively. One-way ANOVA and pair-wise Tukey's post-hoc tests were used for data analysis (α = 0.05). Results: Nano-SiO2 modified teeth material demonstrated a significant increase in weight loss in comparison conventional artificial acrylic teeth material (p ˂ 0.05) while nanoAl2 O3 modified teeth material demonstrated non-significant increase in weight loss except for 0.5% subgroup (p ˂ 0.05). There is no significant differences regarding roughness change after wear simulation among all tested groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Nano-Al2 O3 nanoparticles exhibit less negative effect than nano-SiO2 so; it could be used with caution if necessary. (AU)

Virus isolation and genotype identification of human respiratory syncytial virus in Guizhou Province, China

ABSTRACT To investigate the genetic variation and molecular epidemiology characteristics of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) in Guizhou Province, nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, from December 2017 to March 2018, and inoculated to Hep-2 cells to isolate HRSV. Cells that showed cytopathic effect (CPE) were then confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay and reverse transcription. The sequence of the PCR products was determined for HRSV isolates, and the genetic variation was analyzed. Out of 196 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples, HRSV were isolated in 39. The second hypervariable region at the 3' terminal of glycoprotein gene (HVR2) sequence analysis showed that subgroup A was dominant. Seventy-nine percent of the isolates belonged to subgroup A, ON1 genotype, and 21 % belonged to subgroup B, BA9 genotype, which indicates that the dominant HRSV circulating in Guizhou Province was subgroup A, genotype ON1, co-circulating with a less prevalent subgroup B, genotype BA9.

Association between tumor necrosis factor polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis as well as systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays an important role in autoimmune diseases. Previous studies have investigated the association of TNF-α-238G/A (rs361525) and -308G/A (rs1800629) polymorphisms with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, no agreed conclusion had been made. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to assess the associations of TNF-α-238G/A and -308G/A polymorphisms with RA and SLE risk. A systematic search was conducted in commonly used databases. Meta-analysis was performed by STATA12.0. A total of 43 studies were included. In the overall population, the TNF-α-238A allele was observed to be a protective factor for RA (A vs G: OR=0.75, 95%CI=0.57-0.99, P=0.040) and the TNF-α-308A allele was found to be a risk factor for SLE (A vs G: OR=1.78, 95%CI=1.45-2.19, P<0.001). However, no evidence of association was found between TNF-α-238 G/A polymorphism and SLE nor between -308G/A and RA. In the subgroup analysis, TNF-α-308A allele played a pathogenic role for RA in Latin Americans (A vs G: OR=1.46, 95%CI=1.15-1.84, P=0.002) and for SLE in Latin Americans (A vs G: OR=2.12, 95%CI=1.32-3.41, P=0.002) and Europeans (A vs G: OR=2.03, 95%CI=1.56-2.63, P<0.001), while it played a protective role for RA in Asians (A vs G: OR=0.54, 95%CI=0.32-0.90, P=0.017). No significant association was found between TNF-α-308G/A and SLE susceptibility in Africans and Asians. This meta-analysis demonstrated that TNF-α-238A was associated with decreased risk of RA rather than SLE, while -308G/A polymorphism was associated with SLE rather than RA. Stratification analysis indicated that different ethnicities would have different risk alleles.

The Successful Removal of a Foreign Body in the Spleen via Diaphragm Laceration Site by Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

A 73-year-old man, who, in an inebriated state, had slipped in a f lowerbed and was wounded on the left f lank, was transferred to Trauma Center, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine. Based on the chest and abdominopelvic computed tomography, he was diagnosed with multiple rib fractures and hemopneumothorax on the left hemithorax and was found to have a bony fragment in the spleen. He had not presented peritonitis and exsanguinous symptoms during the observation period. Seven days later, computed tomography of the abdomen showed suspected diaphragmatic injury and a retained foreign body in the spleen. On exploration by video assisted thoracoc surgery (VATS), a herniated omentum through the lacerated site of the diaphragm was observed. After omentectomy using Endo Gia, the foreign body in the spleen was observed through the lacerated site of the diaphragm. Traumatic diaphragm rupture with a foreign body, in the spleen, was successfully managed by video assisted thoracic surgery via the lacerated site of the diaphragm.

Delayed Surgical Management of Traumatic Pseudoaneurysm of the Ascending Aorta in Multiple Trauma

Traumatic blunt aortic injury especially on proximal ascending aorta is a rare injury with a few reports. Generally emergency surgical management was performed. In this case, however, in multiple trauma with brain injury, emergency surgical management of aortic injury might result in unexpected secondary injury of the brain. Herein, we report a case of a 33-year-old man who was driving a truck was injured in a head-on collision. Evaluation revealed a pseudoaneurysm on his ascending aorta concomitant with epidural hemorrhage. He was treated by surgical management of his ascending aorta after 3 days from accident. There were no postoperative and neurologic complications and the patient was discharged after 18 days.

Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis after Clavicle Fracture and Immobilization

Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is an unusual condition compared to lower extremity DVT, and it represents about 10% of all DVTs. We report a case of upper extremity DVT after clavicle fracture and immobilization.

Simultaneous Determination of Twelve Kinds of Residual Solvents in A New Drug CBT108 By Headspace Gas Chromatography / 分析化学

A simple and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of 12 kinds of residual solvents in a new drug CBT108 was established and validated by headspace gas chromatographic technology. The rationality,accuracy and feasibility of the analytical method were verified. Under the optimized conditions, simultaneous separation and determination of 12 kinds of residual solvents, including methanol, ethanol, ether, acetone, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, heptane, toluene and carbon tetrachloride was carried out by using a DB624 capillary column(30 m×0.53 mm×3.0 μm) for separation, a flame ionization detector for detection and internal standard method for quantitation. Good linearity was obtained for 12 solvents with the correlation coefficients(R2) of more than 0.997. The limits of quantitation and detection were defined at S/N=3 and S/N=10,respectively. LOQ and LOD for 12 solvents were given as 0.024 μg/mL and 0.0072 μg/mL for methanol,0.1 μg/mL and 0.012 μg/mL for ethanol, 0.01 μg/mL and 0.005 μg/mL for ether, 0.1 μg/mL and 0.008 μg/mL for acetone, 1.025 μg/mL and 0.0615 μg/mL for acetonitrile, 0. 09 μg/mL and 0. 06 μg/mL for dichloromethane, 0. 09 μg/mL and 0.06 μg/mL for n-hexane, 0. 25 μg/mL and 0. 008 μg/mL for ethyl acetate, 0. 108 μg/mL and 0.014 μg/mL for tetrahydrofuran,0.16 μg/mL and 0.0004 μg/mL for carbon tetrachloride,0.0075 μg/mL and 0.005 μg/mL for heptane, and 0.0445 μg/mL and 0.0014 μg/mL for toluene. The adding standards recoveries for 12 residual solvents at three spiked levels were in the range of 90.96%-108.67%,with relative standard deviations of 0.1%-5.7%. This simple,high accuracy and good repeatability method is feasible for rapidly determination of 12 residual solvents in drug candidate CBT108. Meanwhile, this simple method provides a consulted value for detection of residual solvents in other medicines.

Long-term outcomes following mitral valvuloplasty versus replacement for native valve endocarditis: A case control study / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To compare long-term outcomes following mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) and mitral valve replacement (MVR) for native valve endocarditis (NVE). Methods    Between November 1993 and August 2016, consecutive 101 patients with NVE underwent mitral surgery in our department, MVP for 52 patients and MVR for 49 patients. There were 69 males and 32 females at age of 38.1±14.9 years. The mean follow-up was 99.4±75.8 months. Results    There was no statistical difference in cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamp time, in-hospital mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay or hospital stay after surgery between the two groups. Survival rate at 1, 5, 10, 20 years after surgery was 100.0%, 97.6%, 97.6%, 97.6% for MVP, and 93.5%, 84.3%, 84.3%, 66.2% for MVR with a statistical difference between the two groups (P=0.018). There was no stroke in the patients with MVP during follow-up periods. However, stroke-free survival rate at 1, 5, 10, 20 years after surgery was 100.0%, 93.9%, 89.4%, 70.2% for MVR patients with a statistical difference between the two groups (P=0.023). There was no statistical difference in recurrence of infection, perivalvular leakage and reoperation between the two groups. Composite endpoint-free survival rate at 1, 5, 10, 20 years after surgery was 100.0%, 97.6%, 92.9%, 92.9% for MVP, and 91.3%, 79.6%, 75.8%, 51.0% for MVR with a statistical difference (P=0.006). Conclusion    MVP is associated with better outcomes than MVR in the patients  with NVE; generalizing MVP technique in the patients with NVE is needed.

Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score as Predictors for Severe Trauma Patients in the Intensive Care Unit / 대한구급학회지

BACKGROUND: The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scoring system and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scoring system are widely used for critically ill patients. We evaluated whether APACHE II score and SOFA score predict the outcome for trauma patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed trauma patients admitted to the ICU in a single trauma center between January 2014 and December 2015. The APACHE II score was figured out based on the data acquired from the first 24 hours of admission; the SOFA score was evaluated based on the first 3 days in the ICU. A total of 241 patients were available for analysis. Injury Severity score, APACHE II score, and SOFA score were evaluated. RESULTS: The overall survival rate was 83.4%. The non-survival group had a significantly high APACHE II score (24.1 ± 8.1 vs. 12.3 ± 7.2, P < 0.001) and SOFA score (7.7 ± 1.7 vs. 4.3 ± 1.9, P < 0.001) at admission. SOFA score had the highest areas under the curve (0.904). During the first 3 days, SOFA score remained high in the non-survival group. In the non-survival group, cardiovascular system, neurological system, renal system, and coagulation system scores were significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS: In ICU trauma patients, both SOFA and APACHE II scores were good predictors of outcome, with the SOFA score being the most effective. In trauma ICU patients, the trauma scoring system should be complemented, recognizing that multi-organ failure is an important factor for mortality.

Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score as Predictors for Severe Trauma Patients in the Intensive Care Unit / 대한중환자의학회지

BACKGROUND: The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scoring system and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scoring system are widely used for critically ill patients. We evaluated whether APACHE II score and SOFA score predict the outcome for trauma patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed trauma patients admitted to the ICU in a single trauma center between January 2014 and December 2015. The APACHE II score was figured out based on the data acquired from the first 24 hours of admission; the SOFA score was evaluated based on the first 3 days in the ICU. A total of 241 patients were available for analysis. Injury Severity score, APACHE II score, and SOFA score were evaluated. RESULTS: The overall survival rate was 83.4%. The non-survival group had a significantly high APACHE II score (24.1 ± 8.1 vs. 12.3 ± 7.2, P < 0.001) and SOFA score (7.7 ± 1.7 vs. 4.3 ± 1.9, P < 0.001) at admission. SOFA score had the highest areas under the curve (0.904). During the first 3 days, SOFA score remained high in the non-survival group. In the non-survival group, cardiovascular system, neurological system, renal system, and coagulation system scores were significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS: In ICU trauma patients, both SOFA and APACHE II scores were good predictors of outcome, with the SOFA score being the most effective. In trauma ICU patients, the trauma scoring system should be complemented, recognizing that multi-organ failure is an important factor for mortality.

The epidemiology and clinical features of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in neonates

Abstract Objectives This retrospective study was aimed to explore the epidemiological and clinical profiles of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in neonates. Methods From 2011 to 2014, 1322 hospitalized neonates with lower respiratory tract infections were screened for Mycoplasma pneumoniae by detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies using Serion ELISA classic Mycoplasma pneumoniae kits. Results Mycoplasma pneumoniae was identified in 89 (6.7%) patients. The age ranged from 1 day to 28 days with a median of 22 days. The male to female ratio was 1.15:1. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection peaked in spring (from March through May) and winter (from December through February). Compared with non-Mycoplasma pneumoniae infected neonates, those with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection were older, presented fever more frequently, and had less tachypnea. Conclusions Mycoplasma pneumoniae could be an important etiologic agent for respiratory tract infection in neonates. In neonates Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was usually associated with older age, presence of fever, and less tachypnea. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in neonates tends to be a mild process.